Licensing toolkit

Filing systems, regulatory sources, analysis software, and data sources used in the work.

Each item is used in at least one of the services. Open a group for the list.

Regulatory sources

The rules and recommendations the work is checked against.

47 CFR Part 25, Satellite Communications

FCC, via the eCFR

The licensing rules: applications and Schedule S (25.114), the frequency table (25.202), milestones and bonds (25.164, 25.165), orbital debris (25.114(d)(14), 25.283), NGSO sharing (25.261, 25.289), and the SCS rules. Current text on the eCFR.

47 CFR 2.106, Table of Frequency Allocations

FCC

The US allocation table and its footnotes, including the NG footnotes that the Spectrum Abundance proceeding changes. The FCC table as a PDF; the satellite bands are summarized on the Spectrum page.

ITU Radio Regulations

ITU

Articles 9 and 11 (coordination and notification), 21 and 22 (power limits, including the EPFD limits still in force internationally), Appendix 4 data, and Resolution 35 (NGSO deployment milestones).

ITU-R Recommendations

ITU-R Study Group 4 and 7

S.1323 and S.1503 for NGSO interference and EPFD evaluation, P.618 and P.838 for propagation, and SA.364 for near-Earth research satellite frequencies. SA.364-6 is the reference for research and small-satellite bands.

FCC dockets and orders

FCC Space Bureau

Spectrum Abundance (SB 25-180, FCC 25-29), GSO/NGSO sharing (SB 25-157, FCC 26-26), SCS (FCC 24-28), orbital debris (FCC 22-74), and the Starlink, Kuiper, and AST authorizations. The Spectrum Abundance item is the proceeding most likely to change a frequency plan this year.

Filing systems

The filing systems, and the validation tools used before counsel submits.

FCC ICFS

FCC Space Bureau

The International Communications Filing System (formerly IBFS): Part 25 space station and earth station applications, Schedule S technical data, modifications, market access petitions, and the public record of every other operator's filings.

FCC ECFS and EDOCS

FCC

Rulemaking dockets, comments, ex parte filings, and orders. Where the sharing rules, the SCS framework, and the Spectrum Abundance proposals are argued and decided.

ITU SpaceCap, SpaceVal, and the BR IFIC

ITU Radiocommunication Bureau

Capture and validation of API, coordination, and notification filings, and the biweekly circular where coordination requests, findings, and bring-into-use notices are published.

ITU EPFD validation software

ITU-R

Checks an NGSO system against the Article 22 limits, which still govern internationally. Domestically the FCC replaced EPFD with performance-based criteria in April 2026 (FCC 26-26), so a US-licensed system now runs two analyses.

Interference modeling (Visualyse or equivalent)

Transfinite Systems and others

GSO and NGSO coexistence, aggregate interference, and coordination studies when the ITU tool is not enough.

FAA Part 450 and NOAA CRSRA

FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation; NOAA

Launch and reentry, and commercial remote sensing: the two approvals outside the FCC, tracked on the same calendar.

Orbit and mission analysis

Coverage, lifetime, conjunction analysis, and the orbital debris showing.

Ansys STK (Systems Tool Kit)

Ansys Government Initiatives

Access, coverage, link, lifetime, and conjunction analysis. The coverage and deorbit calculators on the Tools page are planning tools; the same analyses are run here with full atmosphere models and the actual constellation geometry.

NASA DAS (Debris Assessment Software)

NASA Orbital Debris Program Office

The ODMSP compliance run behind the orbital debris mitigation showing: collision probability, disposal reliability, casualty risk on reentry.

NASA ORDEM and ESA MASTER

NASA and ESA

Debris environment models for flux and impact risk over the mission life, used when the operator needs more than the DAS default environment.

GMAT and Orekit

NASA and CS Group (open source)

Trajectory design and high-fidelity propagation for independent checks on vendor numbers. Free, scriptable, and auditable.

Space-Track.org and CelesTrak

18th Space Defense Squadron; T.S. Kelso

The catalog, element sets, and conjunction data messages. The live orbit map on this site runs on CelesTrak element sets.

TraCSS

NOAA Office of Space Commerce

Conjunction screening for operators. New operators register during launch preparation.

Modeling and documents

Software the deliverables are produced in.

Python and Excel

Apogee

Every calculator on this site, every link budget, every capacity and interference model. Excel when the client needs to audit the model; Python for larger analyses and for reproducible exhibits.

Technical exhibit templates

Apogee

Showings and comments in the same structure every time: assumptions, method, results, sensitivity, and the rule each result satisfies, so counsel can file them without rework.

Licenses and approvals for a mission

The approvals a first mission needs, and the agencies that issue them.

FCC Part 25 space station license

Spectrum and orbit authority for a US-licensed system, or market access for a foreign-licensed one. Includes the orbital debris showing and the five-year disposal plan.

FCC earth station licenses

Gateways and user terminals, including ESIM authorizations for terminals on ships, aircraft, and vehicles.

ITU filings through the FCC

API, coordination, and notification filings that establish priority date and international standing, with the Resolution 35 milestones for bringing the constellation into use.

SCS authorization and lease

For direct-to-device service: a Part 25 modification for the space segment and a lease from a partner carrier holding the terrestrial licenses.

FAA Part 450 launch and reentry

The launch provider holds it, but the payload review, reentry plan, and any controlled reentry belong to the operator.

NOAA commercial remote sensing

Any imaging payload, including star trackers and cameras that were never meant for Earth observation, needs a determination.

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